Nelson Mandela Biografi

The life of Nelson Mandela is without a doubt a fascinating one. Fewer men in history have done so much in the name of equality, freedom and peace. Nearly every nation in the world is interested in the biography of Nelson Mandela. The Nelson Mandela biography is sought everywhere. This is a man who transcends all languages. His biography exists virtually everywhere and in every language. He was, and is, a powerful and peaceful man. So where does the Nelson Mandela story begin?

In the small village of Mvezo , in the Transkien territories of South Africa, the Nelson Mandela bio began on July 18, 1918. He was not born with the name Nelson, but with his African name Rolihlahla , which literally means –pulling the branch of a tree, or in it's colloquial sense 'troublemaker' ( It seems Rohlihlahla Nelson Mandela certainly lived up to his given name, but in the best of ways).

No Nelson Mandela history would be complete without knowing who his parents were. His father was Henry Mgadla Mandela. Mgadla was one of the main councillors to the acting chief of the Thembu tribe. The Mandela name itself comes from one of the royal's in the Thembu tribe on Nelson's grandfather's side. Due to his grandmother's position though, that branch of the family was unable to succeed the throne. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni. She was Mgadla's third wife. (Interestingly the famous Nelson Mandela has also had three wives).

Rohlihlahla's father died when the boy was nine years old (from tuberculosis). The Mandela biography continues with the young Mandela coming under the guardianship of Jongintaba Dalindyebo, who was regent and an heir to the Thembu throne.

Rohlihlahla Mandela was the first of his father's family to receive formal schooling. It was his school teacher Miss Mdingane who gave him the English name Nelson.

Nelson Mandela then went on to finish his Junior Certificate from a Wesleyan school and on to college where he studied for a Bachelor of Arts. Engaging in a boycott against university policies at the Fort Hare he was essentially kicked out and the Nelson Mandela story moved on.

Rejecting an arranged marriage from his guardian (regent Jongintaba) Manela Rohililaha Nelson escaped to Johannesburg. He completed his degree through correspondence and eventually became involved in the ANC (African National Council). From there it seems there was no looking back.

Once he became involved in the ANC there was no looking back in the Nelson Mandela life. Mandela and those who were with him took many actions against the injustice of apartheid. A system where one's color discriminated so totally against the basic laws of freedom was unthinkable (just as slavery) and yet it was a reality.

The Nelson Mandela bio continues with him becoming the leader of the African National Councils Umkhonto weSiswe - the armed wing. They organized protests and sabotages to bring to light the inequality that was happening throughout South Africa. While Mandela had worked hard to bring about understanding and change through peaceful methods, military and government targets were bombed (always with no intention of physical harm) to get the message across.

In 1962 Nelson Mandela was arrested and sent to prison. Many other ANC leaders were also arrested at this time. The biography of Nelson Mandela has much to show of the work he carried out during his imprisonment. He never gave up the struggle. He wrote many books and his main place of imprisonment came to be known as a place of learning. A man of peace, the Nelson Mandela life involves nearly 27 years of imprisonment. Songs have been written, and praises sung. The call for freedom was heard around the world.

Under President de Klerk, Nelson Mandela was finally released from prison in 1990. He returned as the leader of the ANC and fought on for freedom. Along with deKlerk he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

Nelson Mandela 1994 is elected president of South Africa; A triumph for equality and a triumph for peace. The world rejoiced in finally seeing a wrong come right. This does not mean that there is total equality and peace in South Africa yet. What it does mean is that one man who stands firm can make a difference for millions. The Nelson Mandela story is one of hope for all mankind

Nelson Mandela Político sudafricano (Umtata, Transkei, 1918 - ). Renunciando a su derecho hereditario a ser jefe de una tribu xosa, Nelson Mandela se hizo abogado en 1942. En 1944 ingresó en el Congreso Nacional Africano (ANC), un movimiento de lucha contra la opresión de los negros sudafricanos. Mandela fue uno de los líderes de la Liga de la Juventud del Congreso, que llegaría a constituir el grupo dominante del ANC; su ideología era un socialismo africano: nacionalista, antirracista y antiimperialista. En 1948 llegó al poder en Sudáfrica el Partido Nacional, que institucionalizó la segregación racial creando el régimen del apartheid. Bajo la inspiración de Gandhi, el ANC propugnaba métodos de lucha no violentos: la Liga de la Juventud (presidida por Mandela en 1951-52) organizó campañas de desobediencia civil contra las leyes segregacionistas. Nelson Mandela En 1952 Mandela pasó a presidir el ANC del Transvaal, al tiempo que dirigía a los voluntarios que desafiaban al régimen; se había convertido en el líder de hecho del movimiento. La represión produjo 8.000 detenciones, incluyendo la de Mandela, que fue confinado en Johannesburgo. Allí estableció el primer bufete de abogados negros de Sudáfrica. En 1955, cumplidas sus condenas, reapareció en público, promoviendo la aprobación de una Carta de la Libertad, en la que se plasmaba la aspiración de un Estado multirracial, igualitario y democrático, una reforma agraria y una política de justicia social en el reparto de la riqueza. El endurecimiento del régimen racista llegó a su culminación en 1956, con el plan del gobierno de crear siete reservas o bantustanes, territorios marginales supuestamente independientes, en los que confinar a la mayoría negra. El ANC respondió con manifestaciones y boicoteos, que condujeron a la detención de la mayor parte de sus dirigentes; Mandela fue acusado de alta traición, juzgado y liberado por falta de pruebas en 1961. Durante el largo juicio tuvo lugar la matanza de Sharpeville, en la que la policía abrió fuego contra una multitud desarmada que protestaba contra las leyes racistas, matando a 69 manifestantes (1960). La matanza aconsejó al gobierno declarar el estado de emergencia, en virtud del cual arrestó a los líderes de la oposición negra: Mandela permaneció detenido varios meses sin juicio. Aquellos hechos terminaron de convencer a los líderes del ANC de la imposibilidad de seguir luchando por métodos no violentos, que no debilitaban al régimen y que provocaban una represión igualmente sangrienta. En 1961 Mandela fue elegido secretario honorario del Congreso de Acción Nacional de Toda África, un nuevo movimiento clandestino que adoptó el sabotaje como medio de lucha contra el régimen de la recién proclamada República Sudafricana; y se encargó de dirigir el brazo armado del ANC (la Lanza de la Nación). Su estrategia se centró en atacar instalaciones de importancia económica o de valor simbólico, excluyendo atentar contra vidas humanas

Biografi Nelson Mandela

(Bahasa)

Nelson Mandela adalah tokoh populer di duniasebagai pelopor perjuangan kesetaraan ras. Ia penentang diskriminasi RAS di AfrikaSelatan yang lebih di kenal politik Apartheid. Akibat kegigihan perjuangannnya ras kulit hitam di Afrika Selatan dapat menikmati kebebasan berpolitik, kesejajaran hukum, ekonomi dan kehidupan sosial. Perjuangan Mandela penuh dengan intrik, ancaman, intimidasi, bahkan ia sempat dipenjara selama 5 tahun pada 12 Juni 1964, ia dan sekelompok aktivis lainnya dijatuhi hukuman penjara seumur hidup. Namun perjuangan Mandela mendapat dukungan penuh dari ras kulit hitam di Afrika selatan dan masyarakat internasional sehingga popularitasnya justru makin meningkat. 

Setelah menolak pembebasan bersyarat dengan menghentikan perjuangan bersenjata pada Februari 1985, Mandela tinggal di penjara sampai dibebaskan pada 11 Februari 1990 atas perintah Presiden Frederik Willem de Klerk. Saat itu presiden Afrika Selatan mendapat tekanan dari dunia internasional.Puncak karir Mandela terjadi ketika ia terpilih menjadi presiden kulit hitam pertama di Afrika Selatan. Mandela kemudian menerima penghargaan nobel perdamaian tahun 1993.

Nelson Mandela lahir di Mvezo, Transkei pada 18 Juli 1918. Diantara keluarganya, Mandela menjadi orang yang paling beruntung karena mendapat akses pendidikan hingga ke luar negeri. Pada umur 16 tahun, Mandela masuk Clarkebury Boarding Institute. Disini Mandela mempelajari dunia hukum dan kebudayaan Eropa hingga pada 1934, ia masuk di Fort Hare University. Di universitas ini Mandela bertemu Oliver Tambo yang menjadi teman dan kolegaa yang setia. Mandela tidak menyelesaikan studinya. Ia memutuskan keluar dari kampus setelah menentang kebijakan universitas. Selanjutnya Mandela pindah ke Johannesburg dan melanjutkan kuliahnya di University of South Africa setelah mengambil hukum di University of the Witswatersrand.

Mandela menikah dua kali, pernikahan pertama dengan Evelyn Ntoko Mase berjalan selama 13 tahun dan berakhir dengan perceraian pada 1957 . Mandela kemudian menikah lagi dengan yang berjalan 38 tahun berakhir dengan perceraian 1996. Pada ulang tahunnya ke-80, Mandela menikahi Graça Machel, janda dari mantan Presiden Mozambik Samora Machel.